Because black powder is an inefficient propellant by volume, big cases with large powder charges were necessary and muzzle velocities were typically limited to around 1250-1500 fps. The big bore buffalo cartridges were loaded with black powder, as smokeless powder had not yet been invented. 45-70 cartridge loaded with a 405 grain bullet.
45 caliber bullet (.458" diameter) in front of 70 grains of powder. Thus the ".45-70" was a black powder cartridge that used a. Please understand that it is not intended to be an inclusive treatise on the subject.Īs was the custom of the time, the big bore black powder cartridges were named by their nominal bullet diameter and typical maximum powder charge often the bullet weight (in grains) was included. This article will briefly examine a few of the best known of those cartridges. During the days of the great buffalo hunts on the American plains powerful, accurate, single shot rifles shooting big bore cartridges were the preferred medicine of the serious hunter. There is neither time nor space in an article such as this to even attempt to describe every moderately successful cartridge ever used to kill an American bison. A similar thing happened in Africa, particularly during the early years of the 20th Century. Most popular cartridges of the time, even though quite inadequate to the task, were pressed into service on the plains. Many different black powder rifle cartridges were used to kill buffalo on the American frontier. The last great buffalo herd was annihilated in 1884, marking the end of an era. The slaughter of the bison reached its peak in 18, declining after 1880. Buffalo Cartridges of the American FrontierĬommercial hunting of the Western "buffalo" (actually American bison) was widespread from the early 1870's to the early 1880's.
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